Pediatrics "د.الجعكي "2026

Afrezza begins working very quickly and typically lasts about 2–3 hours, more closely mimicking the body’s natural insulin response to meals. The approval marks the first inhaled mealtime insulin available for children and adolescents with diabetes.
Important note: Because Afrezza is inhaled through the lungs, lung function assessment may be required before and during treatment, and it may not be suitable for children with certain chronic lung diseases such as asthma.

Inhaled Insulin for Children with Type 1 Diabetes
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of inhaled insulin for children aged 6 years and older on May 29, 2026. This insulin, called Afrezza, can be inhaled directly before meals using a small handheld device that contains an insulin cartridge. The device is easy to use and can be mastered by children with simple training.
Afrezza is absorbed rapidly through the lungs into the bloodstream, providing a fast-acting insulin option for mealtime glucose control. However, children will still need a daily injection of long-acting (basal) insulin, as Afrezza is only a rapid-acting insulin intended for meal coverage. It serves as an alternative to injectable rapid-acting insulins such as NovoRapid, Apidra, and Humalog.

#Criteria
for Diagnosis of
#Kawasaki
Disease
***
#fever
of >5-day duration معاها 4من اصل 5 من الآتي associated
with at least four* of the following five changes:
1-
#Bilateral
-nonsuppurative(non mucopurulent ) conjunctivitis
2-
#One
or more changes of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, including pharyngeal injection, dry fissured lips, injected lips, and “strawberry” tongue
3-
#One
or more changes of the extremities, including peripheral erythema, peripheral edema, periungual desquamation, and generalized desquamation
4-
#Polymorphous
maculopapular skin rash, primarily truncal
5-
#Posterior
cervical lymphadenopathy >1.5 cm in diameter
#Disease
cannot be explained by some other known disease process
د عبدالرحمن الجعكي

Criteria
#innocent_murmur
: 10 S
#Systolic
[never diastolic]
#Soft
Grade [1or 2 / 6 in intensity ]
#Short
[early systolic ]
#Symptoms
free [no cardiac symptoms ]
#Signs
free [normal pulse- No thrill]
#Site
->(Lt sternal edge) -localized ( No radiation)
#Standing
/ Sitting (vary with position )
#Special
tests ->Normal (ECG-X-ray- Echo)
#Sounds
(S1 & S2 ) Normal
#Stills
murmur most common type
د عبدالرحمن الجعكي

Spot diagnosis :- Oral Thrush in Infants or oral candidiasis:-
Oral thrush is a common fungal infection in babies, caused by a yeast called Candida albicans.
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Signs & Symptoms:
- White patches in the mouth (tongue, cheeks, roof of mouth)
- Fussiness or pain during feeding
- Redness or cracks around the mouth
- Sometimes accompanied by diaper rash (fungal)
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Causes:
- Recent antibiotic use (baby or mother)
- Poorly cleaned bottles or pacifiers
- Fungal infection on mother’s nipples
---
💊
Treatment:Topical antifungal medication:- Nystatin drops or Miconazole oral gel
- Keep feeding items sterilized
- Treat mother’s nipples if breastfeeding and infected
د عبدالرحمن الجعكي

#Meningococcemia
is a bloodstream infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis.
Its wide variety of acute presentations result from its ability to produce diffuse endovascular damage
----
Patients with
#acute_meningococcemia
may present with meningitis, meningitis with meningococcemia, or meningococcemia without apparent meningitis.
----
#clinical
presentation of meningococcemia may include any of the following :
• A nonspecific prodrome of cough, headache, and sore throat
• The above, followed by a few days of upper respiratory symptoms, increasing temperature, and chills
• Subsequent malaise, weakness, myalgias, headache, nausea, vomiting, and arthralgias
• The characteristic petechial skin rash usually is located on the trunk and legs and rapidly may evolve into purpura( non blanching rash as seen in slides ).
----
In
#fulminant_meningococcemia
, a hemorrhagic eruption, hypotension, cardiac depression, and rapid enlargement of petechiae and purpuric lesions may be seen.
د عبدالرحمن الجعكي